Enhancing Water Harvesting through the Cascading Effect

Abstract

Harvesting water from high humidity conditions is an attractive strategy toward strengthening water security due to its cost-effective and zero-energy mechanism. To facilitate this process, bio-inspired microstructures with heightened water accumulating ability are typically affixed onto atmospheric water harvesters. However, because of this surface morphology type harvester design, there is an inherent partition of regions with different water accumulating abilities: the active water harvesting region (AWHR) and passive water harvesting region (PWHR). Most of the water harvested by such water harvesters is usually attributed to the AWHR, while a large amount of uncollected water is present in the PWHR as numerous small water droplets that are prone to re-evaporation. This lack of PWHR utilization may be considered as the Achilles' heel toward optimal water harvesting. Hence, in this work, a cascading effect was proposed with a microstructure design to induce water harvesting from both AWHR and PWHR. The "clearing" of PWHR columns was demonstrated via a cascading effect, contributing to ca. 3 times more water harvested as compared to the unmodified water harvester. The successful demonstration of this cascading effect highlights the necessity of considering PWHR in the future water harvester designs so as to achieve efficient water harvesting.