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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132321
Title: | Race/ethnic differences in the associations of the Framingham risk factors with carotid IMT and cardiovascular events | Authors: | Gijsberts C.M. Groenewegen K.A. Hoefer I.E. Eijkemans M.J.C. Asselbergs F.W. Anderson T.J. Britton A.R. Dekker J.M. Engström G. Evans G.W. De Graaf J. Grobbee D.E. Hedblad B. Holewijn S. Ikeda A. Kitagawa K. Kitamura A. De Kleijn D.P.V. Lonn E.M. Lorenz M.W. Mathiesen E.B. Nijpels G. Okazaki S. O'Leary D.H. Pasterkamp G. Peters S.A.E. Polak J.F. Price J.F. Robertson C. Rembold C.M. Rosvall M. Rundek T. Salonen J.T. Sitzer M. Stehouwer C.D.A. Bots M.L. Den Ruijter H.M. |
Keywords: | cholesterol high density lipoprotein cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol high density lipoprotein cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol arterial wall thickness Article Asian atherosclerosis Black person cardiovascular disease Caucasian cerebrovascular accident ethnic difference Framingham risk score heart infarction Hispanic human race difference smoking systolic blood pressure adult age distribution aged ancestry group blood carotid artery disease comorbidity comparative study diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia ethnic group ethnology female follow up health hypertension incidence male meta analysis middle aged pathology prevalence proportional hazards model risk factor statistical model Adult Age Distribution Aged Carotid Artery Diseases Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Comorbidity Continental Population Groups Diabetes Mellitus Dyslipidemias Ethnic Groups Female Follow-Up Studies Global Health Humans Hypertension Incidence Linear Models Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Smoking Stroke |
Issue Date: | 2015 | Publisher: | Public Library of Science | Citation: | Gijsberts C.M., Groenewegen K.A., Hoefer I.E., Eijkemans M.J.C., Asselbergs F.W., Anderson T.J., Britton A.R., Dekker J.M., Engström G., Evans G.W., De Graaf J., Grobbee D.E., Hedblad B., Holewijn S., Ikeda A., Kitagawa K., Kitamura A., De Kleijn D.P.V., Lonn E.M., Lorenz M.W., Mathiesen E.B., Nijpels G., Okazaki S., O'Leary D.H., Pasterkamp G., Peters S.A.E., Polak J.F., Price J.F., Robertson C., Rembold C.M., Rosvall M., Rundek T., Salonen J.T., Sitzer M., Stehouwer C.D.A., Bots M.L., Den Ruijter H.M. (2015). Race/ethnic differences in the associations of the Framingham risk factors with carotid IMT and cardiovascular events. PLoS ONE 10 (7) : e0132321. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132321 | Abstract: | Background: Clinical manifestations and outcomes of atherosclerotic disease differ between ethnic groups. In addition, the prevalence of risk factors is substantially different. Primary prevention programs are based on data derived from almost exclusively White people. We investigated how race/ethnic differences modify the associations of established risk factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Methods: We used data from an ongoing individual participant meta-analysis involving 17 population-based cohorts worldwide. We selected 60,211 participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline with available data on ethnicity (White, Black, Asian or Hispanic). We generated a multivariable linear regression model containing risk factors and ethnicity predicting mean common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and a multivariable Cox regression model predicting myocardial infarction or stroke. For each risk factor we assessed how the association with the preclinical and clinical measures of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease was affected by ethnicity. Results: Ethnicity appeared to significantly modify the associations between risk factors and CIMT and cardiovascular events. The association between age and CIMT was weaker in Blacks and Hispanics. Systolic blood pressure associated more strongly with CIMT in Asians. HDL cholesterol and smoking associated less with CIMT in Blacks. Furthermore, the association of age and total cholesterol levels with the occurrence of cardiovascular events differed between Blacks and Whites. Conclusion: The magnitude of associations between risk factors and the presence of atherosclerotic disease differs between race/ethnic groups. These subtle, yet significant differences provide insight in the etiology of cardiovascular disease among race/ethnic groups. These insights aid the race/ethnic-specific implementation of primary prevention. © 2015 Gijsberts et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | Source Title: | PLoS ONE | URI: | https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/165691 | ISSN: | 19326203 | DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0132321 |
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