Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005614
Title: Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on Human Skin
Authors: Wu G.
Zhao H.
Li C.
Rajapakse M.P.
Wong W.C.
Xu J.
Saunders C.W.
Reeder N.L.
Reilman R.A.
Scheynius A.
Sun S.
Billmyre B.R.
Li W.
Averette A.F.
Mieczkowski P.
Heitman J.
Theelen B.
Schr�der M.S.
De Sessions P.F.
Butler G.
Maurer-Stroh S. 
Boekhout T.
Nagarajan N. 
Dawson T.L.
Keywords: aspartic proteinase
carbohydrate
glycosidase
peptidase
phospholipase
triacylglycerol lipase
Article
Basidiomycetes
carbohydrate metabolism
controlled study
disease association
fungal genome
gene sequence
genetic association
genetic conservation
lipophilicity
Malassezia
Malasseziomycetes
multigene family
nonhuman
phenotype
phylogeny
physiology
plant disease
skin
skin disease
adaptation
classification
comparative study
fungal gene
genetics
horizontal gene transfer
human
Malassezia
microbiology
physiology
Adaptation, Physiological
Gene Transfer, Horizontal
Genes, Fungal
Humans
Malassezia
Phylogeny
Skin
Issue Date: 2015
Citation: Wu G., Zhao H., Li C., Rajapakse M.P., Wong W.C., Xu J., Saunders C.W., Reeder N.L., Reilman R.A., Scheynius A., Sun S., Billmyre B.R., Li W., Averette A.F., Mieczkowski P., Heitman J., Theelen B., Schr�der M.S., De Sessions P.F., Butler G., Maurer-Stroh S., Boekhout T., Nagarajan N., Dawson T.L. (2015). Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on Human Skin. PLoS Genetics 11 (11) : e1005614. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005614
Rights: CC0 1.0 Universal
Abstract: Malassezia is a unique lipophilic genus in class Malasseziomycetes in Ustilaginomycotina, (Basidiomycota, fungi) that otherwise consists almost exclusively of plant pathogens. Malassezia are typically isolated from warm-blooded animals, are dominant members of the human skin mycobiome and are associated with common skin disorders. To characterize the genetic basis of the unique phenotypes of Malassezia spp., we sequenced the genomes of all 14 accepted species and used comparative genomics against a broad panel of fungal genomes to comprehensively identify distinct features that define the Malassezia gene repertoire: gene gain and loss; selection signatures; and lineage-specific gene family expansions. Our analysis revealed key gene gain events (64) with a single gene conserved across all Malassezia but absent in all other sequenced Basidiomycota. These likely horizontally transferred genes provide intriguing gain-of-function events and prime candidates to explain the emergence of Malassezia. A larger set of genes (741) were lost, with enrichment for glycosyl hydrolases and carbohydrate metabolism, concordant with adaptation to skin?s carbohydrate-deficient environment. Gene family analysis revealed extensive turnover and underlined the importance of secretory lipases, phospholipases, aspartyl proteases, and other peptidases. Combining genomic analysis with a re-evaluation of culture characteristics, we establish the likely lipid-dependence of all Malassezia. Our phylogenetic analysis sheds new light on the relationship between Malassezia and other members of Ustilaginomycotina, as well as phylogenetic lineages within the genus. Overall, our study provides a unique genomic resource for understanding Malassezia niche-specificity and potential virulence, as well as their abundance and distribution in the environment and on human skin.
Source Title: PLoS Genetics
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/161927
ISSN: 15537390
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005614
Rights: CC0 1.0 Universal
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