Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
Title: Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus
Authors: Hu B.
Zeng L.-P.
Yang X.-L.
Ge X.-Y.
Zhang W.
Li B.
Xie J.-Z.
Shen X.-R.
Zhang Y.-Z.
Wang N.
Luo D.-S.
Zheng X.-S.
Wang M.-N.
Daszak P.
Wang L.-F. 
Cui J.
Shi Z.-L.
Keywords: activating transcription factor 6
animal cell
apoptosis
Article
controlled study
gene amplification
gene deletion
gene pool
genetic recombination
genetic variability
immunofluorescence
luciferase assay
nonhuman
nuclear localization signal
open reading frame
phylogenetic tree
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
SARS coronavirus
sequence analysis
virus genome
amino acid sequence
animal
bat
Coronavirus infection
genetics
human
molecular evolution
SARS coronavirus
severe acute respiratory syndrome
virology
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Chiroptera
Coronavirus Infections
Evolution, Molecular
Gene Pool
Genome, Viral
Humans
Recombination, Genetic
SARS Virus
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Issue Date: 2017
Citation: Hu B., Zeng L.-P., Yang X.-L., Ge X.-Y., Zhang W., Li B., Xie J.-Z., Shen X.-R., Zhang Y.-Z., Wang N., Luo D.-S., Zheng X.-S., Wang M.-N., Daszak P., Wang L.-F., Cui J., Shi Z.-L. (2017). Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathogens 13 (11) : e1006698. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
Abstract: A large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) have been detected in horseshoe bats since 2005 in different areas of China. However, these bat SARSr-CoVs show sequence differences from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in different genes (S, ORF8, ORF3, etc) and are considered unlikely to represent the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV. Herein, we report the findings of our 5-year surveillance of SARSr-CoVs in a cave inhabited by multiple species of horseshoe bats in Yunnan Province, China. The full-length genomes of 11 newly discovered SARSr-CoV strains, together with our previous findings, reveals that the SARSr-CoVs circulating in this single location are highly diverse in the S gene, ORF3 and ORF8. Importantly, strains with high genetic similarity to SARS-CoV in the hypervariable N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 gene, the ORF3 and ORF8 region, respectively, were all discovered in this cave. In addition, we report the first discovery of bat SARSr-CoVs highly similar to human SARS-CoV in ORF3b and in the split ORF8a and 8b. Moreover, SARSr-CoV strains from this cave were more closely related to SARS-CoV in the non-structural protein genes ORF1a and 1b compared with those detected elsewhere. Recombination analysis shows evidence of frequent recombination events within the S gene and around the ORF8 between these SARSr-CoVs. We hypothesize that the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV may have originated after sequential recombination events between the precursors of these SARSr-CoVs. Cell entry studies demonstrated that three newly identified SARSr-CoVs with different S protein sequences are all able to use human ACE2 as the receptor, further exhibiting the close relationship between strains in this cave and SARS-CoV. This work provides new insights into the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV and highlights the necessity of preparedness for future emergence of SARS-like diseases. ? 2017 Hu et al.
Source Title: PLoS Pathogens
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/161888
ISSN: 15537366
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
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