Modeling Cities and Landscapes in 3D with CityGML

Abstract

CityGML is the most important international standard that is used to model cities and landscapes in 3D. Compared to BIM standards such as IFC, CityGML models are usually less detailed but they cover a much greater spatial extent. They are also available in any of five standardised levels of detail. CityGML serves as an exchange format and as a data source for visualisations, either in dedicated applications or in a web browser. It can also be used for a great number of spatial analyses, such as visibility studies and solar potential. Ongoing research will improve the integration of BIM standards with CityGML, making improved data exchange possible throughout the life-cycle of urban and environmental processes.