Data from: Human activities and landscape features interact to closely define the distribution and dispersal of an urban commensal.

Abstract

The rock pigeon, Columba livia, is a cosmopolitan human commensal, domesticated thousands of years ago. However, the human-mediated factors governing its distribution and dispersal are not well understood. In this study, we performed (1) hierarchical distance sampling on ~400 island-wide point transects, (2) a population genomic inquiry based on ~7000 SNPs from almost 150 individuals, and (3) landscape-genomic analyses on the basis of extensive ecological and social-economic databases to characterize the distribution and dispersal patterns of rock pigeons across Singapore. Our distance sampling results indicated that the volume of intentional ‘mercy feeding’ and availability of high-rise buildings are the most reliable predictors of high pigeon densities in Singapore. Genomic analyses demonstrated that rock pigeons in Singapore form a single population possibly derived from rapid expansion from a genetically homogenous group of founder individuals. Specifically, rock pigeons in Singapore lack sex-biased dispersal and are clustered with a genetic patch size of ~3km. Landscape genomic analyses of great precision pointed to the presence of dense trees as agents of resistance to dispersal whereas a high road density reduces this resistance. By pinpointing a range of ecological and socio-economic variables determining the distribution and dispersal of pigeons, our study provides urban planners with the tools for optimal management of this human commensal, such as a curtailment of the practice of mercy feeding and modifications to the urban landscape to reduce pigeon density and to lower the likelihood of repopulation by dispersal.