Risk Factors for Tardive Dyskinesia among Asian Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract

This is a sequential examination of the epidemiology and pathogenetic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia (TD) on patients with schizophrenia. Those with TD and those without TD were compared on a number of sociodemographic, clinical and genetic factors. The latter used a candidate gene approach strategy.The rates of TD were 40.6 % among the Chinese and 29.0 % among the Malays. Advanced age and smoking increased the risk of TD but there was no association with gender, diabetes mellitus, higher fasting blood sugar levels, peripheral iron indices. An association was found between TD and the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the D3 receptor, and the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene.The identification of risk factors would form the basis for a pharmacogenetic test to predict risk for TD and enabled personalized medication.