Polyphyly of asian tree toads, genus pedostibes G鰊ther, 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae), and the description of a new genus from southeast Asia
Chan K.O. Lee Grismer L. Zachariah A. Brown R.M. Abraham R.K.
Lee Grismer L.
Zachariah A.
Brown R.M.
Abraham R.K.
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Abstract
The Asian Tree Toad genus Pedostibes, as currently understood, exhibits a conspicuously disjunct distribution, posing several immediate questions relating to the biogeography and taxonomy of this poorly known group. The type species, P.Tuberculosus and P. kempi, are known only from India, whereas P. hosii, P. rugosus, and P. everetti are restricted to Southeast Asia. Several studies have shown that these allopatric groups are polyphyletic, with the Indian Pedostibes embedded within a primarily South Asian clade of toads, containing the genera Adenomus, Xanthophryne, and Duttaphrynus. Southeast Asian Pedostibes on the other hand, are nested within a Southeast Asian clade, which is the sister lineage to the Southeast Asian river toad genus Phrynoidis.We demonstrate that Indian and Southeast Asian Pedostibes are not only allopatric and polyphyletic, but also exhibit significant differences in morphology and reproductive mode, indicating that the Southeast Asian species' are not congeneric with the true Pedostibes of India. As a taxonomic solution, we describe a new genus, Rentapia gen. nov.To accommodate the Southeast Asian species. � 2016 Chan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Keywords
Anura, Bufonidae, cladistics, genus, India, morphology, new genus, polyphyly, river, Southeast Asia, species, anatomy and histology, animal, animal structures, Bufonidae, classification, evolution, female, genetics, male, molecular evolution, phylogeny, Southeast Asia, Animal Structures, Animals, Asia, Southeastern, Biological Evolution, Bufonidae, Evolution, Molecular, Female, India, Male, Phylogeny
Source Title
PLoS ONE
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Series/Report No.
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Rights
Attribution 4.0 International
Date
2016
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0145903
Type
Article