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Depletion of Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp7 and Spemann organizer signals induces massive brain formation in Xenopus embryos

Reversade, B
Kuroda, H
Lee, H
Mays, A
De Robertis, E.M
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Abstract
To address the patterning function of the Bmp2, Bmp4 and Bmp7 growth factors, we designed antisense morpholino oligomers (MO) that block their activity in Xenopus laevis. Bmp4 knockdown was sufficient to rescue the ventralizing effects caused by loss of Chordin activity. Double Bmp4 and Bmp7 knockdown inhibited tail development. Triple Bmp2/Bmp4/Bmp7 depletion further compromised trunk development but did not eliminate dorsoventral patterning. Unexpectedly, we found that blocking Spemann organizer formation by UV treatment or ?-Catenin depletion caused BMP inhibition to have much more potent effects, abolishing all ventral development and resulting in embryos having radial central nervous system (CNS) structures. Surprisingly, dorsal signaling molecules such as Chordin, Noggin, Xnr6 and Cerberus were not re-expressed in these embryos. We conclude that BMP inhibition is sufficient for neural induction in vivo, and that in the absence of ventral BMPs, Spemann organizer signals are not required for brain formation.
Keywords
bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, chordin, noggin, oligomer, osteogenic protein 1, animal cell, animal tissue, article, brain development, central nervous system, controlled study, embryo, embryo development, embryo pattern formation, embryonic structures, gene activity, gene expression, in vivo study, inhibition kinetics, nerve cell, nervous system development, nonhuman, priority journal, protein depletion, protein function, signal transduction, tail, Xenopus laevis, Animals, Base Sequence, Body Patterning, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Brain, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Glycoproteins, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Morphogenesis, Morpholines, Proteins, Signal Transduction, Tail, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Xenopus laevis, Xenopus Proteins, Animalia, Cerberus, Xenopus laevis
Source Title
Development
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Series/Report No.
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Organizational Unit
PAEDIATRICS
dept
Rights
Attribution 4.0 International
Date
2005
DOI
10.1242/dev.01901
Type
Article
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