Kim Siang, Luke Tan
Email Address
enttanl@nus.edu.sg
Organizational Units
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
dept
YONG LOO LIN SCH OF MEDICINE
faculty
28 results
Publication Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
Publication Protection of auditory function against noise trauma with local caroverine administration in guinea pigs(2004) Chen, Z.; Ruan, R.; Tan, L.; Ulfendahl, M.; Duan, M.; OTOLARYNGOLOGYGlutamate is the most likely neurotransmitter at the synapse between the inner hair cell and its afferent neuron in the peripheral auditory system. Intense noise exposure may result in excessive glutamate release, binding to the post-synaptic receptors and leading to neuronal degeneration and hearing impairment. The present study investigated the protective effect of caroverine, an antagonist of two glutamate receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, on noise-induced hearing loss. Two different doses of caroverine were applied onto the round window membrane with gelfoam, followed by one-third-octave band noise centered at 6.3 kHz (110 dB SPL) for 1 h. Auditory brainstem responses were measured at regular time intervals afterwards. Caroverine was found to offer significant protection of the cochlear function against noise-induced hearing loss. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Publication Acute Treatment of Noise Trauma with Local Caroverine Application in the Guinea Pig(2003) Chen, Z.; Ruan, R.; Tan, L.; Ulfendahl, M.; Duan, M.; OTOLARYNGOLOGYPublication Tailoring distant metastatic imaging for patients with clinically localized undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma(2004) Kumar, M.B.; Lu, J.J.; Shakespeare, T.P.; Loh, K.S.; Tan, K.S.L.; Chong, L.M.J.; Soo, R.; Goh, B.C.; PHARMACOLOGY; OTOLARYNGOLOGYPurpose: The 2000 practice guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend World Health Organization Type 2-3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) be staged for distant disease using chest X-ray and bone scan. Our aim was to evaluate these modalities plus liver ultrasonography for American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer 1997 clinical Stage I-IVB NPC. Methods and Materials: Between February 1999 and May 2002, all patients with clinical (examination plus CT/MRI of head and neck) Stage I-IVB undifferentiated NPC were prospectively evaluated for distant disease with chest X-ray, liver ultrasonography, and bone scan. Suspicious lesions underwent confirmatory investigation, and patients were reevaluated at 4 months. Results: In the 139 patients evaluated, the positive yield was 3.6% and prevalence was 5.8% (0.7% lung, 2.2% skeletal, and 2.9% liver metastases). The prevalence increased by N stage (p = 0.004) and overall stage (p = 0.05). Compared with N3 disease (odds ratio 1.0), the odds of metastases for N0, N1, and N2 disease was 0, 0.12, and 0.33, respectively. The positive yield was 0%, 1.8%, 4.8%, and 14.3% for N0, N1, N2, and N3 disease, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the use of distant staging investigations for American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer 1997 staged NPC. We recommend alterations to the 2000 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines as follows: high-risk (N3) disease should be fully staged with chest X-ray, bone scan, and liver ultrasonography; intermediate risk (N1 and N2) disease may be staged using all three modalities on an institutional basis. No evidence supports distant imaging for low-risk (N0 or Stage I) disease. © 2004 Elsevier Inc.Publication Prospective phase II trial of concomitant boost radiotherapy for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma(2008) Lu, J.J.; Shakespeare, T.P.; Zhang, Q.; Lee, K.M.; Kong, L.; Loh, K.S.; Luke, Tan K.S.; OTOLARYNGOLOGYStage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy results in suboptimal outcome. This report aims to document the outcome of Stage II NPC patients treated with external beam radiotherapy delivered using an accelerated concomitant boost (C-Boost) schedule. Forty-seven 1997 AJCC Stage II NPC patients were enrolled and analyzed in this prospective phase II clinical trial. The primary tumor and clinically involved nodes received a total dose of 72 Gy in 42 fractions. C-Boost for gross disease consisted of 18 Gy in 12 fractions commencing on day 19, and delivered at least 6 h after the first dose. Patients were assessed for response, survival and toxicity. With a median follow-up of 30 months, 4 patients developed local recurrence only, 2 had persistent neck nodal disease or recurrence, and 1 with both locoregional recurrences. Distant metastases were seen in 5 patients, with or without locoregional recurrence. A total of 5 patients succumbed from nasopharyngeal cancer: four from effects of distant metastases and 1 from progressive local disease. The 3-year local, regional, and overall survival rates were 87.1%, 92%, and 85.9%, respectively. All patients experienced some degree of acute and/or late toxicity. Moderate to severe late toxicities (grade 3 and 4) were observed in 17% of cases. This C-Boost radiotherapy regimen administers a higher biologically effective dose compared with conventional radiation schedules. The local control after C-Boost radiation seems high for patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus justifies further investigation to confirm its efficacy. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication A distinct expression of CC chemokines by macrophages in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Implication for the intense tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes and macrophages(2001) Tang, K.F.; Tan, S.Y.; Chan, S.H.; Chong, S.M.; Loh, K.S.; Tan, L.K.S.; Hu, H.; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGYPublication Sequential external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy in T1 and T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An evaluation of long-term outcome(2006) Thiagarajan, A.; Lin, K.; Lu, J.J.; Tan, L.K.S.; Loh, T.K.S.; Goh, B.C.; Lin, K.; Tiong, C.E.; PHARMACOLOGYPublication Complications of foreign bodies in the esophagus(2000) Loh, K.S.; Tan, L.K.S.; Smith, J.D.; Yeoh, K.H.; Dong, F.; OTOLARYNGOLOGYPublication Complete branchial fistula: Case report and review of the literature(2001) Ang, A.H.-C.; Pang, K.P.; Tan, L.K.-S.; OTOLARYNGOLOGYBranchial anomalies, a result of aberrant embryonic development, are rarely seen in clinical practice. Lesions of the second branchial pouch commonly present as a neck lump or discharging sinus that may be complicated by infection. Clinical examination often reveals the lesion to be related to the junction of the upper two thirds and the lower one third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Branchial fistulas often present as a discharging sinus in the neck with the fistula tract extending upward within the deep neck tissue for a variable distance. A complete branchial fistula is one that has a defined internal opening in the tonsillar area and an external opening at the skin overlying the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the junction of the upper two thirds and the lower one third of the muscle. The incidence of such lesions is extremely rare. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for branchial anomalies. We present the case of a patient who presented with a complete branchial fistula and discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of such lesions, with a review of the relevant literature.Publication Changes in the local morphology of the rectus abdominis muscle following the DIEP flap: An ultrasonographic study(2004) Lee, S.J.; Lim, J.; Tan, W.T.L.; Baliarsing, A.; Iau, P.T.C.; Tan, L.K.S.; Lim, T.C.; SURGERY; OTOLARYNGOLOGYThis study was undertaken to assess the changes in the local morphology of the rectus abdominis muscle following intramuscular dissection of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforators after harvesting of the deep inferior epigastric peroforator (DIEP) flap. While the DIEP provides the well-known advantage of use of the lower abdominal tissue with preservation of the integrity of the abdominal wall musculature, postoperative problems such as abdominal asymmetry, bulges and reduced flexion capacity have been found. These changes may be due to rectus abdominis muscle damage from ischemia or denervation. We used ultrasonography to assess the changes in rectus abdominis muscle thickness and contractility, preoperatively, 1-month and 1-year postoperatively. The study group consisted of 17 rectus abdominis muscles in 14 patients subjected to intramuscular dissection of perforators. The control group consisted of 11 intact rectus abdominis muscles in 11 patients who had undergone unilateral DIEP flap elevation, the dissected muscles being part of the study group. We found that the resting muscle thickness in the study group was, significantly increased at 1-month postoperatively, resolving by 1-year follow-up. As these changes were not seen in the control group, the increased muscle thickness is attributed to postoperative oedema that resolves with time. All muscles in the study and control groups retained contractility showing no evidence of muscle denervation. Our date demonstrates that intramuscular dissection of perforator vessels in the DIEP flap leads to minimal changes in the local morphology and contractility of the rectus abdominis muscle. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Association of Plastic Surgeons.Publication Somatostatin receptors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(2002) Loh, K.S.; Waser, B.; Tan, L.K.S.; Ruan, R.S.; Stauffer, E.; Reubi, J.C.; OTOLARYNGOLOGYSomatostatin receptors (SS-Rs) are expressed in neuroendocrine tumour tissues where they can be targetted for diagnosis and therapy. This study investigated the presence of SS-Rs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common cancer in South-East Asia. Nasopharynx biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 NPC patients and 5 patients without tumours. Somatostatin receptor autoradiography was performed using 125I-labelled [Tyr3]-octreotide and 125I-labelled [Leu8, DTrp22, Tyr25]-somatostatin-28 as radioligands. Of the 12 NPC samples 9 showed moderate to high expression of SS-Rs. These were of the sst2 type, based on the rank order of potency of subtype-selective analogues. The 5 non-neoplastic samples, consisting primarily of granulomatous tissue, did not express measurable amounts of SS-Rs. This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of type 2 SS-R in NPC. These receptors may play a role in the management of NPC, as is the case for other somatostatin-expressing tumours.
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