Nanostructured cathode materials: A key for better performance in Li-ion batteries

Abstract

Battery technology plays critical role under clean energy systems because it contributes for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Breakthroughs in cathodes, anodes, and electrolyte materials are needed to reach high power and energy density in lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical performance (cycling stability, power density, and reversibility) depends on the morphological and compositional characteristics of the electrode materials, which could be controlled during the synthesis and also the annealing process. Enormous leverage can result from the advances in nanostructured electrode materials. Nano sized electrodes exhibit minimal impedance growth, which means no substantial loss of power with cycling, also increase the electrode/electrolyte contact area, which in turn increase the charge/discharge rate to achieve maximum power. This report reviews novel nanostructured cathode materials and their influence on the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.