Combination of advanced oxidation processes with ultrasonication for removal of orange G

Abstract

Sonochemical engineering is a field involving the application of sonic and ultrasonic waves to chemical processing. Sonochemistry enhances or promotes chemical reactions and mass transfer. It offers the potential for shorter reaction cycles, cheaper reagents, and less extreme physical conditions, leading to less expensive and perhaps smaller plants. In this study, the hydroxyl radicals and the subsequent hydrogen peroxide formation in the solution at various condition were monitored using the spin-trapping method of OHa?? by EPR and the colorimetric method, respectively. In addition, the efficacy of a sonophotochemical reactor with a maximum volume 2.2 L coupling ultrasonic irradiation with photocatalytic oxidation has been evaluated using Orange G as a model compound. Several hybrid methods such as UV/H2O2, ultrasound/Ozone, UV/US/photocatalyst were also evaluated based on mineralization rates.