Development of solvent-minimized extraction procedures for environmental analysis

Abstract

Environmentally friendly solvent-minimized extraction procedures are developed for the analysis of environmental pollutants in this thesis. There are many extraction techniques available for environmental analysis. Therefore, this thesis encompasses three sections. The first section discusses a study of the suitability of ionic-liquid, which is applied as an acceptor phase inside the hollow fiber membrane for the first time in liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (LLLME). The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) mixed (1:1) with acetonitrile proved to be an excellent solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds from wastewater sample, combined with HPLC. In the second section, the development of micro-solid phase extraction (B5-SPE), a novel procedure, which is simple, rapid, cost-effective, highly sensitive and selective for the determination of polar carbamate pesticides in tea sample is described. In this procedure, porous polypropylene membrane is used as a protective sheath for the sorbent materials for extracting from dirty matrices. Finally, in the third section, we discuss the application of a new polymeric material for SPME. The sorbent, amphiphilic poly(p-phenylene)s, is evaluated for the extraction and pre-concentration of organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorous compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analytes in environmental water samples, combined with GC-MS.